.

April 29, 2008

A Brief History of Holons


The concept of holons has been in contention from the early formulations of AQAL to the present day. Even the most savvy integralist might be inclined to wonder: what really are holons? Are holons an ontologically fact about the world (are they real)? And how does such a notion truly contribute to an understanding of the territory and not just the map?

In this 2003 essay, Mark Edwards examines the history, use and relevance of the concept of holons in integral theory:
A Brief History of Holons - by Mark Edwards
“This concept has a long and respectable ancestry. So much so that defenders of orthodoxy are inclined to dismiss it as "old hat" - and often in the same breath to deny its validity. Yet I hope to show as we go along that this old hat, handled with some affection, can produce lively rabbits.” -- Arthur Koestler, 1967, p.45
The idea of hierarchy and of their constituent part-wholes, or holons, has, as Arthur Koestler points out in the opening quote, a long and distinguished history. There are many philosophers who have proposed abstract systems for explaining natural and social phenomena. In pre-Socratic Greece Leuciddus and Deocritus developed the abstract concept of the atom and used it to develop a philosophy that could explain all observed events. Aristotle used hierarchy as the methodology for accumulating and connecting biological knowledge. Hierarchy was perhaps the dominant way of viewing the connection between the natural, the human and the supernatural orders of being through the middles ages.

In the 17th century
Leibnitz proposed his "monad" as an irreducible unit for explaining not only the material world but the inner world of the soul. In the early twentieth century there was a flurry of interest in holism and hierarchy that owed its genesis to the impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory. I think the contribution of Jan Smuts in his publication of "Evolution and Holism" in 1926 is particularly important. Smuts was a soldier, a revolutionist republican, a lawyer, the Premier of the Republic of South Africa for several years (before the instigation of political apartheid), a globalist, and one of the founders of the United nations. writers of the UN founding charter. He also was a philosopher who saw the deep connections between the natural and social worlds and his concept of holism clearly influenced Wilber's ideas in this area. Wilber quotes Smuts at the very beginning of his first major work that fully utilized the concept of hierarchy – The Atman Project - "Everywhere we look in nature we see nothing but wholes" (cited in Wilber, 1980). While all these various threads of ideas included the consideration of hierarchical networks and levels and orders of development it was not until the work of writer-philosopher Arthur Koestler that a fully theory of holarchy and holons was proposed.
Read the entire essay: Here

"A new perspective on whole-part relationships is taking shape around the concept of the holon - a term coined by Arthur Koestler to designate that which is simultaneously a whole in its own right and a part of a larger whole. An atom is a whole in itself. When it is also part of a molecule it becomes a holon, or a whole-part. The molecule that is also part of a cell is a holon, as is the cell that is part of an organ, and so on.

This hierarchy of relationships from the atom to the organism is known as a holarchy. The concepts of holon and holarchy are fundamental to understanding the healthy function of complex living systems, which requires that each of their whole-parts maintain its own identity and boundaries even as it functions as part of the larger whole."
-
David C. Korten (The Post-Corporate World)

April 28, 2008

Salon Interview with Ken Wilber

From Salon.Com:

You Are The River: An Interview with Ken Wilber
By Steve Paulson

April 28, 2008 / Ken Wilber may be the most important living philosopher you've never heard of. He's written dozens of books but you'd be hard-pressed to find his name in a mainstream magazine. Still, Wilber has a passionate - almost cultlike - following in certain circles, as well as some famous fans. Bill Clinton and Al Gore have praised Wilber's books. Deepak Chopra calls him "one of the most important pioneers in the field of consciousness." And the Wachowski Brothers asked Wilber, along with Cornel West, to record the commentary for the DVDs of their "Matrix" movies.

A remarkable autodidact, Wilber's books range across entire fields of knowledge, from quantum physics to developmental psychology to the history of religion. He's steeped in the world's esoteric traditions, such as Mahayana Buddhism, Vedantic Hinduism, Sufism and Christian mysticism. Wilber also practices what he preaches, sometimes meditating for hours at a stretch. His "integral philosophy," along with the Integral Institute he's founded, hold out the promise that we can understand mystical experience without lapsing into New Age mush.


Read full article: Here

April 26, 2008

Presence, Learning and Transformation

As ChangeWork agents and private citizens many of us seek out ways to better understand ourselves and the world we live in. That is why one of the main objectives of the Integral Research Group is to gather and document the most promising transformational ideas and practices available. Life truly is a continuous learning process.

The Society for Organizational Learning (SoL), is a not-for-profit, intentional learning community “devoted to the interdependent development of people and their institutions in service of inspired performance and meaningful results. SoL serves as a space in which individuals and institutions can create together that which they cannot create alone.” SoL is composed of organizations, individuals and local communities around the world.

In August 2005, Doubleday released a new edition of Presence: An Exploration of Profound Change in People, Organizations, and Society in which SoL’s founding chairman and organizational pioneer Peter Senge and his colleagues outline a comprehensive theory of change and transformation.

From the SoL’s website:

Presence is an intimate look at the development of a new theory about change and learning. In wide-ranging conversations held over a year and a half, organizational learning pioneers Peter Senge, C. Otto Scharmer, Joseph Jaworski, and Betty Sue Flowers explored the nature of transformational change—how it arises, and the fresh possibilities it offers a world dangerously out of balance. The book introduces the idea of “presence”— a concept borrowed from the natural world that the whole is entirely present in any of its parts—to the worlds of business, education, government, and leadership. Too often, the authors found, we remain stuck in old patterns of seeing and acting. By encouraging deeper levels of learning, we create an awareness of the larger whole, leading to actions that can help to shape its evolution and our future.

Drawing on the wisdom and experience of 150 scientists, social leaders, and entrepreneurs, including Brian Arthur, Rupert Sheldrake, Buckminster Fuller, Lao Tzu, and Carl Jung, Presence is both revolutionary in its exploration and hopeful in its message. This astonishing and completely original work goes on to define the capabilities that underlie our ability to see, sense, and realize new possibilities—in ourselves, in our institutions and organizations, and in society itself.


As 'The Information Age' continues to develop, our species will be faced with some invaluable opportunities to explore and design more adaptive understandings, collaborations and practices. It is the responsibility of every conscious agent to embrace these opportunities and extend our compassion to family, friends, community and the world.

We would love to hear your ‘story’. What resources have you discovered or built in your efforts to affect change? Is there a specific tradition or methodology you think can make a real positive difference? Let us know!
[see also: Business As a Human Community - An Interview with Peter Senge]

April 24, 2008

Yochai Benkler on Open Source Economics

Yochai Benkler is a Harvard Law School scholar and eminent thinker on communications technology, social networks and economics. Here he is talking about legal ramifications of modern communications technology and ‘open source’ economics. Benkler's work provides several insights about the possibility of a more integral, flex-flow global social organization.

From TED.com:
Law professor Yochai Benkler explains how collaborative projects like Wikipedia and Linux represent the next stage of human organization. By disrupting traditional economic production, copyright law and established competition, they're paving the way for a new set of economic laws, where empowered individuals are put on a level playing field with industry giants.
Benkler writes about the Internet and the emergence of the networked economy and society, as well as the organization of infrastructure, such as wireless communications. In the 1990s he played a role in characterizing the centrality of information commons to innovation, information production, and freedom in both its autonomy and democracy senses. In the 2000s, he worked more on the sources and economic and political significance of radically decentralized individual action and collaboration in the production of information, knowledge and culture.

His work traverses a wide range of disciplines and sectors, and has been widely discussed in both the business sector and civil society. And his most recent book is The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (2006), which received numerous awards.

You can download the entire book, purchase it from Amazon, or download individual chapters: here

April 23, 2008

Haphazard Minds

On April 12, 2008 award winning science writer Carl Zimmer went on Bloggingheads.tv and talked with Gary Marcus, NYU psychologist (author of the new book Kluge: The Haphazzard Constrcution of the Human Mind) about the evolution of human cognition. Topics ranged from the nature of rationality to the limitations and adaptive strengths of consciousness.

Zimmer also has a fascinating new book coming out May 6, 2008 called Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of Life

WATCH THE FULL VIDEO: HERE

April 21, 2008

Integral Economics: A Manifesto

By Christian Arnsperger

“Engineering an intersection between economics and the Integral approach—i.e., gradually fleshing out and promoting a truly Integral economics—may well be one of the most urgent tasks in social science today. At least, I myself (as a standardly trained economist who turned heretical at some point) believe it is, and that is why I have written this paper which, for all its defects, might stand as a “manifesto” of sorts for those of us who think it’s about time economics was pulled out of its current, arch-positivistic quagmire.”

Read the Entire Essay: Here

April 20, 2008

Environmental Thinking at the Fringes

The continuing pressure for creating sustainable sociocultural innovations compel our brightest minds to entertain all sorts of ideas that seem implausible at first glance. Consider recent reevaluations of biofuels for example. However, well-intentioned miscalculations can often make us wonder what other recent, seemingly good ideas should we be careful to avoid? This article from LiveScience explores some of the oddest and counterintuitive ideas being promoted by the growing sustainable science community:
Top 10 Craziest Environmental Ideas

Many people have proposed wild ways to solve the myriad problems facing Earth, including water pollution, smog, mounds of trash and global warming. Ideas range from the rational (if not always easily implemented) to the downright zany. We've compiled a list of some of the wackier (or at least wackier-sounding) proposed solutions to today's environmental challenges.
Read More: Here

All ‘big ideas’ are generated from the perspectives, worldviews and ‘center of gravity’ of their creators. To demonstrate the diversity of environmentalisms here is a blog article on Radical Environmentalism from Shapeshifters:
Wild Resistance - A Brief Description of Radical Environmentalism

The history of eco-defense is nearly as old as the human race itself.

There is a common misconception that radical environmental struggle is a relatively new form of protest. However, the history of eco-defense is nearly as old as the human race itself. Many indigenous cultures around the world held the Earth and their surroundings as sacred. Social rules prescribed how the land and water that gave life to the people were to be treated and honored.

It is only in the last several hundred years that human societies have moved away from these beliefs. The modern world has increasingly lost touch with its wild roots. This lack of understanding and respect for the Earth has allowed the wanton destruction of our planet. This tragedy no longer affects the wild but humans as well.
Read More: Here

And, finally, let's not forget to take time to reflect on our own ecological "footprints" this EARTH DAY: April 22, 2008. We can change the world one choice at a time.

April 16, 2008

MetaLinking 2008/03/16

Bodymind_Dynamics

The Profound Impact of Our Unconscious - "Whether you are a habitual list maker, or you prefer to keep your tasks in your head, everyone pursues their goals in this ever changing, chaotic environment. We are often aware of our conscious decisions that bring us closer to reaching our goals, however to what extent can we count on our unconscious processes to pilot us toward our destined future? People can learn rather complex structures of the environment and do so implicitly, or without intention. Could this unconscious learning be better if we really wanted it to?” - There are several new studies on subconscious processes and how they influence our behavior. This particular article makes a strong argument for both the existence of deeply implicit learning and the possibility of working with subconscious processes to develop more congruent life-goal modes of consciousness.

Decision-making May Be Surprisingly Unconscious Activity – “Contrary to what most of us would like to believe, decision-making may be a process handled to a large extent by unconscious mental activity. A team of scientists has unraveled how the brain actually unconsciously prepares our decisions. ‘Many processes in the brain occur automatically and without involvement of our consciousness. This prevents our mind from being overloaded by simple routine tasks. But when it comes to decisions we tend to assume they are made by our conscious mind. This is questioned by our current findings.’” - It should be no surprise to people who study human psychology that many of our behaviors and decisions are influenced greatly by subconscious and/or unconscious processes; but what remains of equal importance is investigating how we might develop and increase whatever capacity for higher order consciousness we do have. No doubt further research into embodied subjectivity and integrated personal cognition will provide us with some resources to begin aligning deep biological potentials with our more psychological and existential imperatives and potential. The more we come to know what we are, the more fully we can begin asking who we want to be.

In the News - Therapy, Psychology, and Neuroscience – “It's been an interesting week for mind and psychology articles in the news. From the effectiveness of psychology and psychiatry to moral psychology to neuroscience and literature and beyond, here are a few of the best articles I found this week (in no particular order), with some relevant quotes and a little commentary.”

How The Brain Copes In Language Impaired Kids - "Researchers at UCL (University College London) have discovered that a system in the brain for processing grammar is impaired in some children with specific language impairment (SLI), but that these children compensate with a different brain area... The UCL suggest that educational methods that enhance these compensatory mechanisms may help such children overcome their difficulties..." – This article provides some new information about brain plasticity and neuro-adaptation.

Rationalization of our choices - statistics rather than psychology? – “Tierny has done it again - a really really kewl article on what appears to be an error in some classical psychological experiments on cognitive dissonance and rationalization. He provides online exercises you can do. Those early experiments suggested choice rationalization: Once we reject something, we tell ourselves we never liked it anyway (and thereby spare ourselves the painfully dissonant thought that we made the wrong choice). It turns out that in the free-choice paradigm used to test our tendency to rationalize decisions, any bias or slight preference for one of the initial choices can lead to results on subsequent choices that are explained by simple statistics rather than a psychological explanation. The article is worth a careful read...”

Brains: Are They Really Like Anything? – “It's increasingly accepted that the brain uses a sparse, distributed code for representing information. Computational models based on these principles are able to account for an increasingly wide variety of interactions between cognition, pharmacology, and deep brain stimulation. Work on the sparse distributed nature of these representations, and the learning processes which generate them, has driven the development and partial success of pattern classifiers for deciphering fMRI data - providing converging evidence that we do have an increasingly good idea of how brains represent information. Peter is probably uncomfortable with equating "sparse distributed representation" with "analog," as I may have in my original post.”

Setting Personal Boundaries – “In the previous post, we spoke of the importance of developing personal boundaries. The question remains, then – how? The first step is recognition; it always is. This step might seem silly, absurd – but for many, an important step. Recognise first and foremost that you have a right to boundaries. Do everything you can – affirmations, meditations, or social support – to drive that point in: you have a right to be respected, to be safe, and to be treated as an equal. We have to take care of ourselves, no one else can do it for us.”

The Examined Life: Is Mind Distinct From Body? – “In honor of the Toward a Science of Consciousness, of which this is the last day, here is another episode from The Examined Life -- Is Mind Distinct From Body?” - This is a great article with several informative links.

The Collective Mind – “Durkheim was obviously not the first to advance a notion of mind which transcended the individual. But while it may have been common for many nineteenth century figures to write about group minds with distinctive emergent or transcendent properties (think for example of all that interest in the spirit of history, or more concretely in crowds, or 'primitive' minds), which required minds to be viewed collectively rather than as separate entities bounded by the skulls or skins of individualized human beings, from the early 20th century such notions were gradually abandoned or discredited, such that even Durkheim himself was compelled to drop his term in favor of the far more innocuous-sounding 'collective representation'.”


Communication_Culture_Discourse

6 Difficult Types of People and How to Deal With Them - “We all have difficult people we need to deal with in our lives on a daily basis. While such characteristics may be exaggerations, you may find traits of them in a few of the people in your workplace, amongst your friends, or even a loved one. Psychological research has suggested several ways of coping with difficult people in your life, e.g. hostile co-workers or bosses, complainers, super-agreeables, know-it-all experts, pessimists, and stallers”.

The Women’s Liberation Movement and Public Schools – “The comments on Sean’s post below brought to mind a conversation I had long ago. I had been a postdoc at the Carnegie Observatories, which was a research foundation funded by donors. We were having a meet-n-greet with the folks who had given money to the institute — showing them the machine shop, the offices, etc. I was sitting down with one of the more elderly donors, who announced, “Women’s lib killed the public school system.”

Can We Solve It Like This? Why the ‘We Campaign’ Needs Change – ‘We Can Solve It is barely out of the chute, and already there's widespread clamor in the green media that its approach is, well, flawed. One of the biggest questions is why what's known about the project's $300 million three-year budget sounds like a dream campaign plan from 1989: heavy on expensive TV ads, media consultants, and the like, and extremely short on funding for items that could push much broader grass roots outreach... that as a campaign it is, as someone said to me this weekend, "way more Hillary than Obama."’

Where angels no longer fear to tread - "The Economist has an article which serves as an interesting summary of some of the recent work on the psychology and neuroscience of religious belief. It's a little bit clumsy in places. For example, it summarises some of the work on the role of the temporal lobes as saying that "religious visions are the result of epileptic seizures that affect this part of the brain"."

Giant Statue of Ancient Egypt Queen Found – “A 12-foot-tall (3.6-meter-tall) colossus of Queen Tiye—the influential main wife of noted pharaoh Amenhotep III—has been unearthed at a sprawling temple complex in Luxor.”

Ancient Temple Discovered Among Inca Ruins - “A temple thought to have once housed idols and mummies has been unearthed near an ancient Inca site in Cusco, Peru, scientists say.”

Millennium Foundation Recognizes Inventors and Technologies That Changed the World – “Trailblazing technologies that improved high-speed long-distance communication, provided the blueprint for mobile phone networks, introduced DNA fingerprinting, and created new drug delivery systems were announced Tuesday as finalists for Finland's 2008 Millennium Technology Prize.”

Can We Please Retire the “ID Isn't Science” Meme? – “Not because it's false, mind you. There is no reasonable definition of science that includes Intelligent Design and Creationism, and it is perfectly legitimate to point that out. In certain contexts, like when you are arguing that it is unconstitutional to teach ID in public high school science classes, it is even an important and relevant point. But it is not the main reason serious scientists want nothing to do with the notion and it should not be the first thing you say when debating the subject.”

Evolution In The Classroom – “Evolution has taken another step away from being dismissed as "a theory" in the classroom. A new article documents the automation of evolution: researchers have produced a computer-controlled system that can drive the evolution of improved RNA enzymes -- biological catalysts -- without human input. In the future, this "evolution-machine" could feature in the classroom as well as the lab, allowing students to watch evolution happen in their biology lessons.”


Environment_Health_Sustainability

VIDEO: Antarctica Ice Collapses – “A section of Antarctic ice seven times the size of Manhattan has broken away from a large ice shelf. Scientists say it is a sign of continued global warming.”

Largest Ice Shelf In Northern Hemisphere Has Fractured Into Three Pieces – “The largest ice shelf in the Northern Hemisphere has fractured into three main pieces. During a recent patrol across the northernmost parts of Canada, researchers found a new 18 kilometer-long network of cracks running from the southern edge of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf to the Arctic Ocean. This accompanies a large central fracture that was first detected in 2002, and raises the concern that the remaining ice shelf will disintegrate within the next few years.”

Find Earth Day Events in Your Area – “On April 22, people and communities around the world celebrate one of the coolest holidays on the books — Earth Day! Find out what's going on in your town or state, search for specific Earth Day events, and find tools for organizing your own celebration using these online resources.” – As Earth day approaches prepare yourself by becoming more aware of events and activities going on locally. Be the change you want to see...

Green Buildings and Smart Grids – “a new energy ecosystem is emerging that connects smart, green buildings with a smart, green grid to optimize energy flows. Since commercial and industrial buildings represent around 40 percent of U.S. energy use, and homes another 30 percent, this represents the most significant opportunity for energy efficiency and mass-scale renewable generation.”

Climate Change Will Erode Foundations Of Health, World Health Organization Warns – “Scientists tell us that the evidence the Earth is warming is "unequivocal." Increases in global average air and sea temperature, ice melting and rising global sea levels all help us understand and prepare for the coming challenges. In addition to these observed changes, climate-sensitive impacts on human health are occurring today. They are attacking the pillars of public health. And they are providing a glimpse of the challenges public health will have to confront on a large scale.”

Future Of Solar-powered Houses Is Clear – “People could live in glass houses and look at the world through rose-tinted windows while reducing their carbon emissions by 50 percent, thanks to new Australian research.”


Polity_Justice_Organization

AUDIO: Oil and the 'New International Energy Order' – “With both the cost of and demand for oil rising, nations with large energy reserves are redrawing political and military alliances, and oil-rich countries like Russia and Venezuela are enjoying greater influence. Michael Klare, author of Rising Power, Shrinking Planet, calls it the "new international energy order." – A fascinating discussion of the politics of oil, including insights from those at the center of power.

Haiti's government falls after food riots – “Haiti's government fell on Saturday when senators fired the prime minister after more than a week of riots over food prices, ignoring a plan presented by the president to slash the cost of rice.”

Modern slaves – “Hardly a thing of the past, slavery thrives in our world. Investigative reporter Benjamin Skinner tells Salon the shocking truth about human trafficking.”

VIDEO: Rogue Economics: Capitalism's New Reality – “Italian economist, journalist and author Loretta Napoleoni argues that recent events on Wall Street indicate a much larger upheaval and could “signal the end of the ‘Roaring Nineties,’ nearly two decades of easy money, cheap credit, and soaring global debt.” It’s an argument Napoleoni develops in her latest book called Rogue Economics: Capitalism’s New Reality.”

'Surge' Threatens to Unravel in Iraq – “Fighting between Shiite militias and Iraqi troops continues in Basra and Baghdad, raising concerns that security gains made during the U.S. "surge" might unravel”.

Strike Fails to Shake Mugabe – “An opposition protest action fizzles, as fear of violence and poverty discourages people from staying away from work.”

Neuroweapons, war crimes and the preconscious brain – “ A new generation of military technology interfaces directly with the brain to target and trigger weapons before our conscious mind is fully engaged. In a new article in the Cornell International Law Journal, lawyer Stephen White asks whether the concept of a 'war crime' becomes irrelevant if the unconscious mind is pulling the trigger.”

Bomb kills at least 9 in Iran mosque – “A bomb exploded in a mosque in the southern Iranian city Shiraz on Saturday, killing at least nine people and wounding more than 100, Iranian media reported.”

Brown calls for G8 action on food crisis – “Prime Minister Gordon Brown on Wednesday called for a coordinated response led by the United Nations, World Bank and International Monetary Fund to address soaring food prices.”

VIDEO: Maoist Rebels Win Majority in Nepalese Assembly – “Maoist rebels in Nepal say an end to monarchy is near following their surprise victory in last week’s national elections. The Communist Party of Nepal is expected to come out with more than half the seats in the Constituent Assembly when final results are released. Maoist officials say one of their first orders of business will be to abolish the monarchy and declare a republic. We speak with New York-based journalist, Kashish Das Shrestha and we go to Nepal to speak with anthropologist, Mary Des Chenes.”

April 14, 2008

Design and the Elastic Mind

Design and the Elastic Mind is a fascinating new project by the Museum of Modern Art. The overall effect and pluralistic approach of this exhibition suggests an integral aesthetic and emerging sensibility.

Here is a description from WorldChanging:
“DEM a current exhibition at the New York MoMA running through May 12, brings together a wide range of design, art, architectural, computational and scientific experiments that challenge us to stretch our minds and see how design participates in science and science can be engaged in design. The intermingling of design and science is part of a larger trend where design is being explored as a process of knowledge creation across many scales. Design work included spans nano-art, sensory design, 3D printing, open-source computational design, visualization of networks and the internet, experiments in the design of future culture and the making of new worlds.”

Here is the official description from their uber-cool website:
“Over the past twenty-five years, people have weathered dramatic changes in their experience of time, space, matter, and identity. Individuals cope daily with a multitude of changes in scale and pace—working across several time zones, traveling with relative ease between satellite maps and nanoscale images, and being inundated with information. Adaptability is an ancestral distinction of intelligence, but today’s instant variations in rhythm call for something stronger: elasticity, the product of adaptability plus acceleration.

Design and the Elastic Mind explores the reciprocal relationship between science and design in the contemporary world by bringing together design objects and concepts that marry the most advanced scientific research with attentive consideration of human limitations, habits, and aspirations. The exhibition highlights designers’ ability to grasp momentous changes in technology, science, and history—changes that demand or reflect major adjustments in human behavior—and translate them into objects that people can actually understand and use. This Web site presents over three hundred of these works, including fifty projects that are not featured in the gallery exhibition.”
Learn More: Here

April 11, 2008

New Thinking on the Climate Crisis

In his recent TED 2008 presentation Al Gore provides REAL SOLUTIONS to the current climate crisis. Gore speaks specifically about raising the level of human consciousness to meet this global challenge. Here is the offical description:
In Al Gore's brand-new slideshow (premiering exclusively on TED.com), he presents evidence that the pace of climate change may be even worse than scientists were recently predicting, and challenges us to act with a sense of "generational mission" -- the kind of feeling that brought forth the civil rights movement -- to set it right. Gore's stirring presentation is followed by a brief Q&A in which he is asked for his verdict on the current political candidates' climate policies and on what role he himself might play in future.



Gore seems to be arguing for a sophisticated, global and integrated response to the climate crisis in all domains of nature, culture and human life. What becomes increasingly clear is that it is imperative for all of us to take direct action now. It is not truly a question of capacity – but a question of vision and willingness.

The United Nations AR4 Synthesis Report (PDF) was released on November 17, 2007. This report synthesizes the major peer-reviewed scientific research on global warming and convincingly demonstrates that global warming is a serious threat to our species and that it is heavily influenced by human carbon emissions. The scientific debate is over – yet the psychological, political and cultural challenges remain.

Learn more: Here

April 10, 2008

Seeds of Compassion

Nearly 30 years ago, cultural anthropologist Jennifer James and her research team planted the seeds that became the Committee for Children. Since then, the Seattle-based nonprofit has grown to reach 9 million children around the world annually, with award-winning programs that teach social and emotional skills that help children to be safe and successful.

Starting April 11th and continuing to April 15th, His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, will headline Seeds of Compassion, a five-day event in Seattle, sponsored by the Committee for Children and designed to bring international attention to the vision, science, and programs of early social, emotional, and cognitive learning.



Seeds of Compassion will provide opportunities for teachers, principals, and superintendents to learn how education and guidance in compassion and empathy can have a real impact on children’s academic performance and social and emotional skills. It will also give parents and caretakers advice and guidance on how to cultivate compassion and empathy in their children, as well as how to address the issues that all children face in today’s world.

Learn More: Here

April 8, 2008

The Study of Social Networks

Harvard researcher Nicholas Christakis describes his research with James Fowleron social networks, and how he came to that research, in a fascinating EDGE video that discusses the power of networks to "magnify whatever they are seeded with.” Christakis and his colleagues are working to codify the process through which ideas and behaviors spread through social networks. Their research on 'mediated social contagion' has profound implications for understanding cultural evolution, social consciousness and offers suggestions for a more empirically responsible integral-theoretical framework.

In the video Christakis says:
"I have been wrestling with the questions of where social networks come from, what purpose they serve, what rules they follow, and what they mean for our lives. The amazing thing about social networks, unlike other networks that are almost as interesting — networks of neurons or genes or stars or computers or all kinds of other things one can imagine — is that the nodes of a social network — the entities, the components — are themselves sentient, acting individuals who can respond to the network and actually form it themselves."
Watch the VIDEO or read the transcript: Here

April 7, 2008

Towards a Scientific Theory of Cultural Evolution

Pioneering researchers Deborah S. Rogers and Paul R. Ehrlich, in an open access article, have made an important contribution to understanding cultural evolution. In this article the authors differentiate some clear mechanisms for cultural emergence and change - and point out the distinctions between the dynamics of human development and cultural evolution:
Natural Selection and Cultural Rates of Change
by Deborah S. Rogers and Paul R. Ehrlich

It has been claimed that a meaningful theory of cultural evolution is not possible because human beliefs and behaviors do not follow predictable patterns. However, theoretical models of cultural transmission and observations of the development of societies suggest that patterns in cultural evolution do occur.

Here, we analyze whether two sets of related cultural traits, one tested against the environment and the other not, evolve at different rates in the same populations.

Using functional and symbolic design features for Polynesian canoes, we show that natural selection apparently slows the evolution of functional structures, whereas symbolic designs differentiate more rapidly. This finding indicates that cultural change, like genetic evolution, can follow theoretically derived patterns
.
READ FULL ARTICLE (PDF): HERE

April 6, 2008

Integral Holistics – with Mark Walsh

Mark Walsh is a profession bodymind trainer based out of Brighton, England. Mark combines martial arts, meditation, body work and integral psychology into a comprehensive tool for overall health and self-transformation. Here is Mark describing his latest project:
I teach an integral exercise class called Holistics that involves elements of martial arts, psychology, meditation, somatics (the study of the body experienced from within), cooperative games and other disciplines. I advertise it as “exercise for body, mind and spirit”, and emotional elements are also critical.

Holistics is concerned with who you are as a person, your model of the world and how you relate to other people, as well as more conventional physical aspects like stretching and strengthening. Further, the integration of the various elements mentioned is key, with one “side” being used to examine and develop others. The aim of Holistics is health, personal growth and to teach practical transferable skills - relaxing under pressure at work or when the kids are screaming for example.

LEARN MORE: HERE

April 3, 2008

MetaLinking – 2008/04/03

Bodymind_Dynamics

Hominid Bipedalism began 6 Million Years Ago – “First detailed look at Orrorin tugenensis bones proves earliest hominin walked upright, researchers say. Far from being a recent, revolutionary development, the ability to walk upright on two legs began at the dawn of human evolution more than six million years ago, new research confirms.” - Current research on the historical development (phylogenesis) of our species is endlessly fascinating. This argument makes a strong case for the definitive role of walking upright in our transition to more sophisticated modes of existing.

The Science Behind Cross-Linguistic Psychology - “While communication may be recognized as a universal phenomenon, differences between languages -- ranging from word-order to semantics -- undoubtedly remain as they help to define culture and develop language. Yet, little is understood about similarities and differences in languages around the world and how they affect communication. Recently, however, two studies have emerged that aid in our understanding of cross-linguistic distinctions in language usage.” - Linguistics and the study of language use and semantics becomes so important when we want to begin understanding the integrated (bio-psycho-social-contextual) nature of ‘meaning’. In essence, the study of memetics is a close cousin to linguistics.

Important Outcomes In Emerging Adulthood Can Be Predicted By Childhood Personality – “A new study in the Journal of Personality reveals the extent to which children's personality types can predict the timing of key transitional moments between childhood and adulthood.”

How to Distinguish between Appropriate and Inappropriate Emotions: A Guide to Using Cognitive Techniques – “...what if the joy of being human lies in dancing at the highest peaks of joy, and crying in the lowest valleys? Perhaps without sadness, without fear, without all the frustrations – the tapestry will be incomplete, a garish painting composed only of the brightest colours. Perhaps whatever we are experiencing right now – the deepest sorrows, a mild melancholy, or the highest bliss – is exactly what we are meant to experience.”

Is The Brain Damaged By Stress?
– “The authors measured the gray matter density of the brains of combat-exposed Vietnam veterans, some with and some without PTSD, and their combat-unexposed identical twins using a technology called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The detailed images provided by the MRI scans then allowed the investigators to compare specific brain regions of the siblings. They found that the gray matter density of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, an area of the brain involved in emotional functioning, was reduced in veterans with PTSD, but not in their twins who had not experienced combat. According to Dr. Pitman, "this finding supports the conclusion that the psychological stress resulting from the traumatic stressor may damage this brain region, with deleterious emotional consequences."

‘Multiple Intelligences’ at 25 – “Inside Higher Ed. takes a look at the influence of the concept of multiple intelligences, 25 years after the release of Howard Gardner's ‘Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences’.”


Communication_Culture_Discourse

Has the Einstein Revolution Gone Too Far? – “Einstein ended science's devotion to experience, believing the constancy of the speed of light. With physicists now theorizing about subatomic strings, parallel universes, and higher dimensions, the challenge may be to come back down to earth.” - This is a fantastic article on science, culture and human knowledge.

Meditation gets cool and sexy makeover aimed at youth
– “Max Simon is a man with a mission -- to give the ancient art of meditation a cool, sexy makeover that will appeal to young people who have never heard of Maharishi Yogi. Forty years after Western baby boomers started dabbling in yoga and Indian transcendental practices, Simon, 25, is ditching some of the traditions in a bid to encourage 1 million young people to connect with their inner selves.”

Wrestling With God - "The Road Less Traveled may well have been a life-changing work and one of the best-selling books of all time... Scott Peck had a station-wagon with plates that read "THLOST" in his driveway. They speak of his lifelong journey as a self-described mystic. His last book is a memoir titled Glimpses of the Devil."

Indirect Truths: Gore Aims to Go Beyond His Base
– “…a quick post on Gore's new ad campaign, launched officially with an appearance last night on 60 Minutes. I haven't see the ads yet and I didn't see last night's program, but from news reports, the campaign appears to incorporate the types of necessary strategies that I've written about at this blog, in articles, or that I have highlighted in talks over the past year.”

Religion and Tribal Cooperation – “What are your thoughts on kashrut primarily as a means of group indentity reinforcement, ritual, and control? In pre-literate times or in unstable social settings, wouldn't dietary habits be a useful means of tracking who is and is not a member of one's tribe? (Dietary laws also have the effect of confering monopoly power to those preparing and selling the food.) To test whether religion might have emerged as a way of improving group co-operation while reducing the need to keep an eye out for free-riders, Dr Sosis drew on a catalogue of 19th-century American communes published in 1988 by Yaacov Oved of Tel Aviv University.”


Environment_Health_Sustainability


When Evolution Tends To Maximize the Diversity and Functioning Of Ecosystems
– “Evolution can lead to greater biological diversity, and particularly to improvements in the functioning of ecosystems. New research shows evolution as a structuring force for ecosystems, and it open new paths to interpreting the relationship between the diversity of living beings and the functioning of ecosystems.”

Blurring Boundaries Between The Real And The Virtual
- "Using a virtual pendulum and its real-world counterpart, scientists at the University of Illinois have created the first mixed reality state in a physical system. Through bidirectional instantaneous coupling, each pendulum "sensed" the other, their motions became correlated, and the two began swinging as one."

13 Best Energy Ideas
– “Energy policies and technologies that can get us on the path toward a sustainable future (plus a few that won’t). Investments in energy projects will total $16 trillion in the next two decades. That investment—along with spending for long-lived buildings, transportation, manufacturing, and public works—could lock us into climate chaos.”

Greenwashing. Environment, Perils, Promises and Perplexities
– “Today people will look down on you if your art space doesn't have an exhibition dedicated to ecological issues on its agenda. Unsurprisingly, Milan still hasn't organized anything worth mentioning but her little neighbour, the enlightened and chilly Turin, did. The show is called Greenwashing. Environment, Perils, Promises and Perplexities and is on view at the Fondazione Rebaudengo until May 11, 2008.”

Disentangling the SES-health correlation
– “In the field of social health research, it has been shown difficult to disentangle the correlation between poor health and low social economic status (SES) into causal effects in either direction. Both causal interpretations seem plausible: when in poor health, improving your career becomes more difficult, and people of a low SES generally live in a more unhealthy manner, for instance due to poor housing and eating habits. Despite all the difficulties of disentangling this correlation, Case et al. (2005) have made a very serious attempt in doing so...” - A few of us at IRG have direct experience with the methodological and theoretical challenges of studying the relationship between economics and public health dynamics. The research featured in this link goes a long way to overcoming some of these challenges. For readers seriously interested in public health issues and social equality this is a must read.


Polity_Justice_Organization

The Politics of Optimism – “Optimism is a political act. Entrenched interests use despair, confusion and apathy to prevent change. They encourage modes of thinking which lead us to believe that problems are insolvable, that nothing we do can matter, that the issue is too complex to present even the opportunity for change. It is a long-standing political art to sow the seeds of mistrust between those you would rule over: as Machiavelli said, tyrants do not care if they are hated, so long as those under them do not love one another.”

Exodus: Where Will Iraq Go Next?
– “Refugees International estimates that up to five million Iraqis have been displaced since 2003. That’s one-in-five Iraqis who have had to flee their homes since the US-led invasion of their country. Two-and-a-half million Iraqis have been internally displaced, and an equal number have managed to leave the country to Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey, the Gulf States and, most of all, Syria, which hosts 1.5 million Iraqis.”

VIDEO: From the Frontlines of Humanity: Former UN Relief Coordinator on World Crises—Congo, Darfur, Iraq, Colombia and Palestine
– “As former UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and the former UN Emergency Relief Coordinator, Jan Egeland spent years working with the world’s neediest and in conflict zones including Darfur, Colombia, Gaza, Lebanon, Uganda, the Congo and Iraq. Egeland joins us to talk about his time dealing with world crises, which he documents in a new memoir, ‘A Billion Lives: An Eyewitness Report from the Frontlines of Humanity’.”

Jeff Sachs on water policy
– “Chapter five of Common Wealth is called "Securing Our Water Needs," an important topic but one neglected by most economists. One lesson is that climate change will put a big stress on water supplies. So far, so good, but the recommendations start with greater international cooperation…” - We can't stress enough how important water and the politics of water is becoming. Please take the time learn more about this important topic.

Beware the Military-Industrial Complex – “President Eisenhower, himself a former general, famously warned about the military-industrial complex and its potential hold on the U.S. in the late 1950s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, al Qaeda's lack of traditional forces and China's relatively peaceful rise, said complex may have found a new security threat looming in climate change late in the first decade of the 21st century. Reports about the threat of global warming have been prepared for the Pentagon. World leaders have been warned about the imminent security risk it poses. And, most importantly, military strategies and their attendant hardware to cope with the potential threat are being developed.”

April 2, 2008

Upcoming Integral Events

This is a reminder of two important upcoming events. For those of you inspired towards a more comprehensive and complex understanding of the world we live in we strongly recommend attending one or both of these pioneering events:
Integral Life for Generation Next Retreat (August 10-15, 2008)

First ever Integral Seminar for Young Adults to explore the possible depth of our human experience. An estimated 60 adults aged 20 to 35 years old from around the world will gather together from August 10th to 15th for a seminar entitled 'Integral Life for Generation Next: Exploring and Embodying Integral in the 21st century'.

Throughout the seminar participants will deepen their understanding of integral theory and consciousness, and how this emerging perspective relates to their actual lives, the questions they hold, the things they truly care about. They will explore the connection of body, mind and spirit in themselves and others, and learn to exercise these aspects for the benefit of personal and cultural evolution.

This seminar, hosted by Next Step Integral (www.nextstepintegral.org) at the Pema Osel Ling Retreat Center in Monterey County, California, offers participants the opportunity to immerse themselves in the study, application and embodiment of integral theory in their personal and professional lives.
And of course the upcoming:
Integral Theory Conference (Aug 7-10, 2008)

John F. Kennedy University and Integral Institute will be hosting the world's first biennial academic conference on Integral Theory. The theme of the conference is “Integral Theory in Action: Serving Self, Other, and Kosmos”. The conference will showcase how scholars and professionals are using Integral Theory to impact the lives of individuals and communities. The conference will also highlight emerging lines of Integral scholarship and research, with the goal of further establishing Integral Theory as a dynamic academic discipline.
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